The 433 MHz RF transmitter and receiver module is a pair of small RF (i.e. radio-frequency) electronic modules used to send and receive radio signals between any two devices. The transmitter module sends the data from the transmitter end and the Receiver module receives that data at the receiver’s end.
433MHz RF Transmitter and Receiver Module Pinout:
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Transmitter
| PIN Name | Pin Description |
| VCC | Used to power the RF receiver module. |
| GND | Ground pin of the module. Connect it with the controllers and encoder/decoders GND pin. |
| DATA | This is the data pin of the transmitter. It takes the data from the microcontroller or encoder and broadcast it via the antenna. |
| ANT | The antenna pin is not necessary to use but it is recommended. The module can only operate max 3 meters without an antenna but its range can be extendable up to 100 meters by using a small hookup wire as an Antenna |
-
Receiver
| PIN Name | Pin Description |
| VCC | Used to power up the RF receiver module. Unlike the transmitter, the supply voltage of the receiver is 5v. |
| GND | Ground pin of the module. Connect it with the controllers and encoder/decoders GND pin. |
| DATA | These pins output the digital data received. The two center pins are internally connected, so we can use either one of them for data output. |
| ANT | The antenna pin is not necessary to use but is recommended. The module can only operate up to 3 meters without an antenna but its range can be extended up to 100 meters by using a small hookup wire as an Antenna |
433MHz RF Transmitter Module Features:
- The Transmitter offers only one-way communication through 433.92MHz frequency at 1Kb data rate
- It operates at a range of 3-12V which is also the power operating volts of most of the microcontrollers and boards.
- The module uses the ASK (Amplitude Shift Key) modulation method to transmits the data.
- It is one of the very low-cost power effective modules for both commercial, hobbyist, and developers.
- 433MHz Transmitter is one of the cheapest RF transmitters and it has a lot of applications and can be used interface with almost every microcontroller.
433MHz RF Receiver Module Features:
- The RF receiver delivers the output to the data pin in an encoded form.
- The operational voltage range of the module is 5V maximum.
- The frequency of the receiver can be changed using a node present on it.
- It is one of the popular and cheapest receivers and has low power consumption.
- 433MHz RF receiver module uses the ASK signal as an input.
Specifications of 433MHz RF Transmitter Module: –
- Max range with the antenna in normal Conditions: 100 Meters
- RX Receiver Frequency: 433 MHz
- RX Typical Sensitivity: 105 Dbm
- RX Supply Current: 3.5 mA
- RX IF Frequency: 1MHz
- RX Operating Voltage: 5V
- TX Frequency Range: 433.92 MHz
- TX Supply Voltage: 3V ~ 6V
- TX Output Power: 4 ~ 12 Dbm
Specifications of 433MHz RF Receiver Module:
- Max range with the antenna in normal Conditions: 100 Meters
- RX Receiver Frequency: 433 MHz
- RX Typical Sensitivity: 105 Dbm
- RX Supply Current: 3.5 mA
- RX IF Frequency: 1MHz
- RX Operating Voltage: 5V
Working of 433 MHz RF transmitter and receiver Module:
-
Transmitter Working
- This radio frequency (RF) transmitter module uses Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) and operates at 434MHz. The transmitter module takes serial input through a microcontroller and transmits these signals through RF. The transmitted signals are then received by the receiver module placed at the other end from the source of transmission.
- So when the DATA input pin of Arduino is set to logic HIGH, the oscillator starts generating a constant RF output carrier wave at 434 MHz and when the logic LOW is applied to the DATA, the oscillator stops producing the RF wave. This technique is known as Amplitude Shift Keying.
-
Receiver Working
- The receiver module receives the data in the form of a signal and sends it to the data pin. The data received by the module is always in an encoded form which can be decoded by either using the microcontroller or the decoder.
- The 433 MHz RF receiver module helps to receive the 433MHz frequency mainly. But it has a node also that can be changed by users for different frequencies. The variable node can be used to adjust the frequency from 315MHz to 433MHz. The receiver just receives the data but to decode and view this data, a microcontroller or decoder is required.
- The RF receiver module comprises an RF tuned circuit and a couple of Operational Amplifiers to amplify the received carrier wave from the transmitter. The amplified signal is then further fed to a PLL (Phase Lock Loop) later it is received by the decoder which decodes the output stream and gives better noise immunity.
Arduino – 433 MHz RF Module connections
Both modules are connected to Arduino as follows:
- VCC – We need to provide positive DC voltage ranges from 3 to 12 volts. So we can connect 5 volts from our Arduino to this pin.
- GND – Connect it to the ground pin of the Arduino.
- DATA IN – Connect it to one of the data pins of Arduino (ex- pin 12)
We can also solder a piece of solid hookup wire to the antenna terminal of the modules. This increases the range of communication from 3m to 100m.
**Full Arduino – 433 MHz RF Module tutorial: Click here
Applications of 433 MHz RF Module:
- Remote Controls
- Automation System
- Wireless Security System
- Sensor Reporting
- Car Security System
- Remote Keyless Entry
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